A Gentle Introduction to Lattice-Based Cryptography [pdf]

This article presents a detailed introduction to lattice-based cryptography, specifically focusing on the quantum-safe Kyber key encapsulation mechanism (ML-KEM) and the Dilithium signature scheme (ML-DSA). It provides mathematical background on lattices, explains the hardness of underlying lattice problems, and describes the LLL and BKZ lattice basis reduction algorithms.